Hugo, I saw your post on Home Recording; for the most part, these guys come to John, me, Rod Gervais, etc, for answers - so it may not be a good idea to take some of the suggestions too seriously -
Your mason friend may know masonry, and that will be a good asset as far as it goes - but he definitely does NOT know ACOUSTICS, and that can get you in trouble. His suggestion for the "clinkers" will make your block walls so you can't add air gap on either side with gypsum on a stud frame (if that's the way you decide to go) - because the clinkers will conduct sound from one side to the other WITHOUT any damping, and so would give you worse results than leaving the blocks hollow. The clinkers being hollow themselves, means that you've just made your wall as NON-isolated as possible, WITHOUT even getting the benefit of the highest MASS possible.
If you intend to do single leaf walls, the best way to do that is to fill the blocks with sand. Both sides of the blocks should be painted at least two coats for best sound blocking that can be had with just blocks.
If you intend to use a combination of blocks and a separate stud wall, the best way to do that is STILL to fill the blocks with sand, then put insulation/stud frame/gypsum, sealing with acoustic rated caulk and making sure that the stud frame has NO HARD CONTACT with the blocks. There are isolated sway braces that help hold walls apart with no hard contact.
The third possible way to do these walls is the famous STC 63 illustration, seen at the bottom of this page
http://www.domesticsoundproofing.co.uk/tloss.htm
This type wall is a double stud frame, with two layers of gypsum on the OUTSIDE of each frame, filled with insulation.
All three ways will give fair isolation, the filled block + frame and gypsum would be the best isolation, especially for LOW frequencies - I've still not found time enough to calculate which would be CHEAPER - perhaps you can figure this out on your own?
If you go with the concrete ceiling system your mason friend suggested, you should use the block/stud combination; this will give you the support you need for the concrete ceiling, and you can continue the inner stud frame across the ceiling for a true room-in-room construction. Floors should be at LEAST isolated with EPDM rubber, the deeper the air gap (insulated fully) between existing and new floor, the better isolation.
That's about all I have time for right now... Steve